Like in all world conquering movements in history, the Islamic followers of Mohammed developed, from the 8th century to the 13th century, two tendencies that had two opposite effects on the world as a whole, one was an all-exclusive imperial tendency to impose their beliefs on the world, and the other was an all-inclusive movement of collaboration among different religions and peoples for the purpose of creating a universal dialogue of civilizations.
AL-MASUDI’S UNIVERSAL HISTORY: A DIALOGUE OF CIVILIZATIONS
