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This is a newly edited version of an article, originally published in EIR, on the history of the famous treaty that established the modern idea of cooperation and non-intervention among nations (EIR Vol. 30, No. 21, May 30, 2003). British Prime Minister Tony Blair’s speech in Chicago in 1999, in which he declared that the era of the Treaty of Westphalia was over, opened a period of unceasing wars by major powers on smaller nations. The principles of the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia are needed now more than ever

Follow the pathway of this knotwork with your finger by going two steps forward and one step back, starting your circular action clockwise at one o’clock The motion first starts at F# at one o’clock, then goes down to B# at 4 o’clock, then back up under D# to A at 3 o’clock. Then, tie the four Lydian knots into a single One: [F#, B#, A], [D#, B#, F#], [D#, A, F#], [B#, A, D#]. The One tone that is not there, but which you can hear coming into your mind from the future, is the key of C# Minor, which is the One that provides the unity of Beethoven’s composition; that is, the sudden One over the Many.

Plato’s use of the adverbial expression “suddenly” (exaiphnēs) is an appropriate metaphor for identifying the transformative nature of an “instantaneous” axiomatic change inside of the human mind. Lyndon LaRouche identified this as the transfinite measure of a discovery of principle of going from a lower to a higher manifold. In the Parmenides, Plato qualified such a changing state of mind as a “sudden instantaneous moment” which he identified as the unifying mental action of a One over the Many.

Throughout European history, the primary advocates of such an epistemological function of the human mind have been Thales, Pythagoras, Plato, Nicholas of Cusa, Gottfried Leibniz, and Lyndon LaRouche. These thinkers have used such a timely form of action for the same historical purpose, which is to modify and measure the power of the human mind with respect to God and the infinite for the common benefit and progress of mankind.

In that sense, “suddenly” (exaiphnēs) represents an instantaneous and unforeseen action of change which reflects the state of perplexity of the thinking person at the decisive moment of discovering, not merely the growing capacity of his or her mind at some moment in history, but also, the power of going beyond the limits of the apparent finite domain of knowledge, by measuring the critical steps of an unbounded human transfinite progress; thus, proving by factual demonstration that there are no limits to growth.

It is not obvious that human beings are capable of understanding and determining the boundaries and limits of their own knowledge and thereby gain access to a higher knowledge of the nature of God, the universe, and the creative process.

Nicholas of Cusa made clear the nature of that difficult task when he introduced to the Italian Renaissance the fact that the only way to access wisdom was by not-knowing, as Socrates had done by realizing that all he knew was that he did not know.

HAVE YOU EVER HEARD THIS TWELVE NOTE BEETHOVEN ARRANGEMENT BEFORE?